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Adolph Ochs
Adolph Simon Ochs (March 12, 1858 – April 8, 1935) was an American newspaper publisher and former owner of ''The New York Times'' and ''The Chattanooga Times'' (now the ''Chattanooga Times Free Press'').
== Early life and career ==
Ochs was born to a Jewish family in Cincinnati, Ohio, on March 12, 1858. His parents, Julius Ochs and Bertha Levy were both German immigrants. His father had left Bavaria for the United States in 1846. He was a highly educated man and fluent in six languages which he gave instruction in at schools in the South. He sided with the Union during the war. Bertha, who had come to the United States in 1848, a refugee from Rhenish Bavaria and the revolution there, had lived in the South before her 1853 marriage with Julius, and during the war sympathized with the South, though their differing sympathies didn't separate their household.〔(Obituary ), ''The New York Times'', April 9, 1935.〕
After the war, the family moved to Knoxville, Tennessee.〔 In Knoxville, Adolph studied in the public schools and during his spare time delivered newspapers.〔 At 11, he went to work at the ''Knoxville Chronicle'' as office boy to William Rule, the editor, who became a mentor.〔 In 1871 he was a grocer's clerk at Providence, Rhode Island, attending a night school meanwhile. He then returned to Knoxville, where he was a druggist's apprentice for some time. In 1872, he returned to the ''Chronicle'' as a "printer's devil," who looked after various details in the composing room of the paper.〔
His siblings also worked at the newspaper to supplement the income of their father, a lay rabbi for Knoxville's small Jewish community. The ''Chronicle'' was the only Republican, pro-Reconstruction, newspaper in the city, but Ochs counted Father Ryan, the Poet-Priest of the Confederacy, among his customers.〔Neely, Jack. ''Knoxville's Secret History''. Scruffy City Publishing, 1995.〕
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